History: Prosperous Civilizations 2

– Carthage –

” The ancient city-state of Carthage, located on the coast of modern-day Tunisia, was once a flourishing center of trade and culture in the Mediterranean. Founded by Phoenician settlers around 814 BCE, Carthage burgeoned into an eminent maritime power. Its navy was unrivaled, and the Carthaginians became adept at negotiating intricate trade networks that encompassed the Mediterranean basin. The affluence amassed through trade led to advancements in architecture, science, and the arts. Moreover, Carthaginian agriculture was renowned, with extensive cultivation of grains, fruits, and the esteemed Magonian wine. Despite its prosperity, Carthage was perpetually embroiled in conflicts with other Mediterranean powers, most notably Rome. The protracted Punic Wars, waged intermittently between 264 and 146 BCE, eventually led to the downfall of Carthage. In 146 BCE, after a relentless siege, Roman legions razed Carthage to the ground. In an act of profound historical consequence, the Romans purportedly sowed the land with salt to prevent the resurgence of Carthaginian agriculture, symbolically and literally eradicating a once prosperous civilization.”

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO words from the text for each answer.

Carthage was established by Phoenician _________ around 814 BCE.
The city-state quickly _________ into a major maritime power.
Carthage was particularly adept at negotiating _________ trade routes that spread across the Mediterranean.
The city was known for its _________ agriculture, including the production of a famous wine.
The Punic Wars were _________ between 264 and 146 BCE.
To symbolize the complete destruction of Carthage, the Romans allegedly spread _________ over the land.

Choose NO MORE THAN ONE word from the text for each answer.

Established by Phoenician _________ in around 814 BCE, Carthage swiftly evolved into a _________ maritime force. With a formidable navy, it expertly navigated elaborate trade _________ in the Mediterranean. The wealth accumulated through trade fostered progress in various domains such as _________, science, and art. However, persistent _________ with Rome, known as the Punic Wars, led to Carthage’s ultimate fall in 146 BCE when Roman forces decimated the city. In a symbolically significant act, salt was sown into the land, curtailing the rebirth of Carthaginian _________.

Vocabulary Builder

Find the synonyms (words with the same or similar meaning) to these 9 words from the original passage.

Original Word	Variants Used
settlers	_______________________
burgeoned	_______________________ / ______________________
trade	_______________________
networks	_______________________
agriculture	_______________________ / ______________________
architecture	_______________________ / ______________________
conflicts	_______________________ / ______________________
navy	_______________________
amassed	_______________________ / ______________________

Reveal answer (9 More Words)

Original Word	Variants Used
settlers	colonists
burgeoned	evolved, blossomed
trade	commerce
networks	routes
agriculture	cultivation, farming
architecture	buildings, structures
conflicts	wars, skirmishes
navy	maritime force
amassed	accumulated, gathered